Humus is partially decomposed soil organic matter. Humalite is one type of humus materials found adjacent to sub-bituminous coalfields in Alberta, Canada. Humalite is similar to lignite and leonardite, but is lower in ash and toxic metals. This makes humalite one of the highest quality humus materials in the world.

Different from ordinary coal, humalite has low energy / BTU values, instead it is rich in humic substances, large and negatively charged colloidal organic matters containing carboxylic (COOH), phenol-OH, and quinonic (C=O) groups.

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